Why the Atomic Bomb Was the Wrong Choice Essay example

World War II played host to some of the most gruesome and largest mass killings in history. From the start of the war in 1939 until the end of the war in 1945 there were three mass killings, by three big countries on those who they thought were lesser peoples. The rape of Nanking, which was carried out by the Japanese, resulted in the deaths of 150,000 to 200,000 Chinese civilians and POW. A more well-known event was of the Germans and the Holocaust. Hitler and the Nazi regime persecuted and killed over 500,000 Jews. This last country may come as a surprise, but there is no way that someone could leave them out of the conversation. With the dropping of the Atomic bombs the United States killed over 200,000, not including deaths by†¦show more content†¦Were there other military alternatives and if so why they were not pursued? Was the dropping of the atomic bombs justified on a moral level? These are just a few questions today when presenting an argument against the dropping of the atomic bombs. The Truman administration did not want to give Japan a conditional surrender and let them maintain their emperor because they feared that there would be a backlash from the American public who felt that the emperor was a war criminal. President Truman was also sold on this and there was really no moving him to change his mind. Herbert Feis in 1961 wrote that, â€Å"I think it may be concluded that the fight would have continued into July at least Unless†¦the American and Soviet Government together had let it be known that unless Japan laid down its arms at once, the Soviet Union was going to enter the war. That, along with a promise to spare the Emperor, might well have made an earlier bid for surrender effective† (Alperovitz 23). If the United States would have done this we could have been on the move to reconstructing the Japanese nation. Leaving the Japanes Emperor would have helped the Japanes feel some what better about the American invlovment at that time. On August 9 the Russian army invaded Manchuria and completely handled theShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb : Right Or Wrong1642 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Shedd 11/10/15 Word Count: 1517 The Atomic Bomb: Right or Wrong On August 6th, 1945 the very first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A second atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki a few days later. This was the largest attack a country had ever seen before and there were many different views on whether the bombs were necessary or not. Like any conflict, there were groups that were against dropping the bomb such as the Wall Street Journal and groupsRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Is It Really Justified?1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Atomic Bomb, was it really justified? On August 6, 1945, after forty-four months of increasingly brutal fighting in the Pacific, an American B-29 bomber loaded with a devastating new weapon flew in the sky over Hiroshima, Japan waiting for a signal. Minutes later the signal was given, that new weapon, the atomic bomb, was released. Its enormous destructive energy detonated in the sky, killing one hundred thousand Japanese civilians instantly. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, the UnitedRead MoreTruman And The Atomic Bomb1016 Words   |  5 Pages Harry Truman and the Atomic Bomb Toribio Cordero US Government 2305.82 November 2014 Truman and the Atomic Bomb The decision making process involves ones own principles and values towards the concluded choice. Each decision has an outcome, whether it is positive or negative is held to everyones individual opinion. Now, when it comes to a decision that involves the loss of many lives, it is difficult to understand the meaning behind it when it results in such a horrible catastropheRead More J. Robert Oppenheimer Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pageswho is almost synonymous with the development of the atomic bomb as well as with the conflicts between the desires of the government and the demands of the conscience, J. Robert Oppenheimer is one of the most influential physicists of our time. J. Robert Oppenheimer was born to a wealthy Jewish couple in New York in 1904. His father Julius Oppenheimer was a textile importer and his mother Ella Friedman was a painter. In his early years, he was interested in mineral collection and began to startRead MoreIs The Right Or Wrong?1404 Words   |  6 Pagesthis Earth we have been wired into believing what is right and what is wrong. Right and wrong originated with an opinion, therefore making the world we live in completely flawed. Everything we perceive to be the right thing to do, could have possibly been the opposite if someone had said so. Today, right and wrong is based off of the majority of society and what we believe affects what we chose to do. There is no right or wrong, not even morals, just actions. Humans act on impulse and doubt by conscienceRead MoreThe Manhattan Project Lifesaver Or Life Destroyer Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages This project was first time the atomic bomb was introduced. It was led by General Les lie Groves and the research was directed by American scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer. Most of the people who worked on this project were not told what they were working on, but only told what to do. In this case, was it right to lie to the people working on this project, was it necessary not to tell the U.S. community, and was it necessary to bomb Nagasaki and Hiroshima. The Manhattan Project was necessary for certainRead MoreEthical Leadership in the Master of Science Leadership Program776 Words   |  4 PagesLeaders make critical decisions between right, wrong, and the lesser of two evils every day. These decisions can affect the person making the decision, their employees, and goals of the organization. There are many readings that describe ethics and leadership, but ethical leadership is basically knowing your inner values and having the courage to steadfastly live by them for the purpose of the common good. Southwestern Colleges Master of Science in Leadership program has giv en me a firm understandingRead MoreHarry S. Trumans Accomplishments: Dessegregation and Hiroshima1731 Words   |  7 Pagesof eternity. These decisions are how that man will be judged. Out of the 44 men to hold this honored position, one man, Harry S. Truman, made several proclamations such as the institution of Desegregation in the US Military, the dropping the atomic bombs, and the declaration of the Martial Law, which forever changed our society and the world as we know it. One of Truman’s greatest accomplishments is when he desegregated the Armed Services. Throughout history, African Americans have fought sideRead MoreThe Nuclear Bombing On World War II Essay2204 Words   |  9 Pages To what extent was the nuclear bombing on Japan necessary to end World War II Eric Leiva-Ochoa History Internal Assessment Word Count: â€Æ' Table of Contents Section 1: Identification and evaluation of sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 Section 2: Investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Section 3: Reflection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Works Cited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......8 â€Æ' Section 1: Identification and Evaluation of Sources This investigation will exploreRead MoreThe Play Oppenheimer Follows The Story Of J Robert Oppenheimer1052 Words   |  5 Pagesto discover and invent the atomic bomb. As the book is about the creation of this atomic weapon, the entirety of it relates to morals in some shape or form. Throughout the reading of the play I kept thinking about the moral implications of the work they were doing and what might each individual character be thinking of it. There were two parts of the play that made me really come up with this question in particular. The first was in chapter 22- Hiroshima, when it was talking about the bombing of

Renewable Energy Fossil Fuels - 1808 Words

Today, most of our energy comes from burning fossil-fuels such as coal and oil. There some inherent problems in basing the entire world s energy supply upon that kind of fuel, such as the fact that fossil-fuels are nonrenewable and will eventually run out. Burning fossil-fuels also produces copious amounts of pollution that is both harmful to the Earth and to humans. Although alternative forms of producing energy are not as efficient as nonrenewable methods, they are a lot more stable and reliable. The alternative energy market is also continually growing even though it has not reached anywhere near the levels of the traditional coal and oil indexes. Although there certainly are a lot of benefits to using nonrenewable fossil fuels to†¦show more content†¦According to Sharon Primerano, the Assistant Vice President of the Hartford Insurance agency, â€Å"There is sufficient capacity in the market, so even larger [renewable energy] projects should be able to find coverage with out much difficulty.† Types of Renewable Energy There are several methods of generating power using renewable sources. One example is generating power from solar cells. Solar cells are able to convert sunlight directly into usable energy by agitating electrons using the heat from the sun. This is called the photovoltaic effect (Types of Renewable). Today, a typical solar panel can convert about 15 percent of sunlight, but when they first started being produced in the 1950s, the average efficiency was only around 4 percent (Types of Renewable). The technology and methods are always advancing and improving. Thin film solar panels use layers of semiconductors only a few millimeters thick, allowing them to be used as roof shingles, tiles, and building facades (Types of Renewable). Apart from using solar panels to generate electricity; they can be used to save energy. Solar water heaters use the sun’s energy to heat water tanks so a house’s main energy grid does not h ave to. In addition to solar energy, popular methods of energy production are through the use of hydroelectric generators andShow MoreRelatedRenewable Energy : Fossil Fuels1863 Words   |  8 Pages  Contents Introduction 2 Fossil fuels and how much they generate 2 Advantages of fossil fuels 4 Disadvantages of fossil energy 4 Renewable energy  and how they are generated 5 Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Renewable energy is currently one of the most preferred energy sources worldwide. Over the past few decades, there has been a raging debate on the capacity of renewable energy to meet the needs of the society. DespiteRead MoreFossil Fuels And Renewable Energy Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pages Finding energy sources is an issue that polarizes scientists, politicians and citizens alike. The most critical points of this debate are at fossil fuels and renewable energy. Energy efficiency is arguably the most dire concern facing the planet, because it significantly impacts all areas of everyday life. Common ground can be found in this controversy because both parties do agree that humans have a responsibility to future generations. That responsibility is to preserve the resources of theRead MoreFossil Fuels And Renewable Energy1947 Words   |  8 PagesFrom Fossil Fuels to Renewable Energy Corey Hnat ENC 1102 Professor Hardwick 14 September, 2014 Our society today thrives off of energy consumption in order to carry out daily activities. Since the second and third centuries people have been using fossil fuel for heat and energy. In the 1700s, the use for coal really took off when it was found out that it could be used as a source of energy to create the energy needed to drive locomotives. As each new invention that needed power came into existenceRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources For Fossil Fuels1240 Words   |  5 Pagesas fossil fuels in order to provide us energy. Almost everything we use nowadays consumes power in some form, and in tandem we rely on energy. Fossil fuels have become the go to resource for providing power. Fossil fuels include natural resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These fossil fuels fall under the non-renewable category because they take thousands of years in order to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as they are being consumed. Another non-renewable energy sourceRead MoreF ossil Fuels Vs. Renewable Energy Essay967 Words   |  4 Pageswider in various fields. And mainly used input for this engines are fossil fuels. But the challenge in this is decreasing rate of resources. The fossil fuels may not be available after some years if they used in the same way .Not only the fossil but also the electric power is the non renewable energy, This paper concentrates to run the engine without fossil fuels or electricity. Keywords – IC Engines, fossil fuels , non renewable energy I. INTRODUCTION In today’s motorized life , It’s difficult toRead MoreFossil Fuels Vs. Renewable Energy1693 Words   |  7 PagesFossil fuels have been essential in the development of most industrial nations, there are a few realities of using them that these societies needs to come to terms with and they are most importantly the fact that these fossil fuels are finite and that they are detrimental to the health of our planet. With the growing need for our planet to steer away from the burning of fossil fuels, it has become inherent that we are very reliant on the burning of them to supply our energy demand, so much that itRead MoreReplacing Fossil Fuels With Renewable Energy1931 Words   |  8 PagesReplacing Fossil Fuels with Renewable Energy Josh Decker Edina High School  Abstract Over the past several years, scientists have researched the impact fossil fuels currently have on our world today. These sources of energy have an irreversible and devastating consequence on our environment. Fossil fuels are disliked due to being non-renewable and unsustainable. As more technological advancements have occurred, more efforts have arisen related to replacing fossil fuels with renewable sourcesRead MoreCivic Engagement: Fossil Fuels and Renewable Energy1631 Words   |  6 PagesEnergy production has always been a hot topic in the United States. More specifically, Oklahoma has been on the forefront of energy production. Oklahoma is viewed as a front runner in the energy industry, and the United States is always turning to Oklahoma when in need of creating new sources of energy; an example being compressed natural gas. The United States hopes to influence the nation to climb aboard the train that leads to reliable sources of energy by generating new public policies. Many Read MoreRenewable Energy Is The Best Alternative For Fossil Fuel Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesOut line: Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. Before this fossil fuel most percentage of usage to generating electricity and they are the main reason for the greenhouse gases and they are exhaustible as well. Renewable energy is the best alternative for fossil fuel because of the minimum pollution impact, endless characteristic, there are too many type of renewable energy technologies which will be used in different places with different climate, it is depends onRead MoreFossil Fuels Are A Non Renewable Source Of Energy1635 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"86% of the energy the USA uses comes from fossil fuels like petroleum and coal that provide electricity and gas to power our growing energy needs.† Fossil fuels are a non-renewable source of energy, meaning that we will eventually run out one day in the near future. When we drive our cars to work, taking long showers, and leaving the lights on, we usually don’t realize how much of our resources we are using. Fossil Fuels, Power Plants and Fracking cause many of our environmental problems that the

Tet Offensive free essay sample

The Johnson administration employed a policy of minimum candor† in its dealings with the media. Military information officers sought to manage media coverage by emphasizing stories that portrayed progress in the war. Over time, this policy damaged the public trust in official pronouncements. As the medias coverage of the war and that of the Pentagon diverged, a so-called credibility gap developed. In November 1967 Westmoreland spearheaded a public relations drive for the Johnson administration to bolster flagging public support. In a speech before the National Press Club he said that a point in the war had been reached where the end comes into view. Thus, the public was shocked and confused when Westmorelands predictions were trumped by Tet. The American media, which had been largely supportive of U. S. efforts, rounded on the Johnson administration for what had become an increasing credibility gap. Despite its military failure, the Tet Offensive became a political victory and ended the career of President Lyndon B. Johnson, who declined to run for re-election. Johnsons approval rating slumped from 48 to 36 percent. As James Witz noted, Tet contradicted the claims of progress made by the Johnson administration and the military. The Tet Offensive was the turning point in Americas involvement in the Vietnam War. It had a profound impact on domestic support for the conflict. The Conflict at Home Some advocates within the peace movement advocated a unilateral withdrawal of U. S. forces from Vietnam. One reason given for the withdrawal is that it would contribute to a lessening of tensions in the region and thus less human bloodshed. Early opposition to U. S. involvement in Vietnam was centered around the Geneva conference of 1954. American support of Diem in refusing elections was thought to be thwarting the very democracy that America claimed to be supporting. John Kennedy, while Senator, opposed involvement in Vietnam. Opposition to the Vietnam War tended to unite groups opposed to U. S. anti-communism, imperialism and colonialism and, for those involved with the New Left such as the Catholic Worker Movement, capitalism itself. Others, such as Stephen Spiro opposed the war based on the theory of Just War. Some wanted to show solidarity with the people of Vietnam, such as Norman Morrison emulating the actions of Thich Qu? ng D? c. Some critics of U. S. withdrawal predicted that it would not contribute to peace but rather vastly increase bloodshed. These critics advocated U. S. forces remain until all threats from the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army had been eliminated. Advocates of U. S. withdrawal were generally known as doves, and they called their opponents hawks, following nomenclature dating back to the War of 1812. High-profile opposition to the Vietnam War turned to street protests in an effort to turn U. S. political opinion. On 15 October 1969, the Vietnam Moratorium attracted millions of Americans. The fatal shooting of four students at Kent State University led to nation-wide university protests. Riots broke out at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. After explosive news reports of American military abuses, such as the 1968 My Lai Massacre, brought new attention and support to the anti-war movement, some veterans joined Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Anti-war protests ended with the final withdrawal of troops after the Paris Peace Accords were signed in 1973. South Vietnam was left to defend itself alone when the fighting resumed. Many South Vietnamese subsequently fled to the United States. Nixon Expands the War The invasion of Cambodia sparked nationwide U. S. protests. Four students were killed by National Guardsmen at Kent State University during a protest in Ohio, which provoked public outrage in the United States. The reaction to the incident by the Nixon administration was seen as callous and indifferent, providing additional impetus for the anti-war movement. Vietnamization Severe communist losses during the Tet Offensive allowed U. S. President Richard Nixon to begin troop withdrawals. His plan, called the Nixon Doctrine, was to build up the ARVN, so that they could take over the defense of South Vietnam. The policy became known as Vietnamization. Vietnamization had much in common with the policies of the Kennedy administration. One important difference, however, remained. While Kennedy insisted that the South Vietnamese fight the war themselves, he attempted to limit the scope of the conflict. Vietnamization was a policy of the Richard M. Nixon administration during the Vietnam War, as a result of the Viet Congs Tet Offensive, to expand, equip, and train South Vietnams forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U. S. combat troops. This referred to U. S. combat troops specifically in the ground combat role, but did not reject combat by U. S. air forces, as well as the support to South Vietnam, consistent with the policies of U. S. foreign military assistance organizations. U. S. citizens? mistrust of their government that had begun after the offensive worsened with the release of news about U. S. soldiers massacring civilians at My Lai (1969), the invasion of Cambodia (1970), and the leaking of the Pentagon Papers (1971). After Nixons election in 1968, Vietnamization became the policy of the United States. While it was a deliberate policy, the name was rather accidental. At a January 28, 1969, meeting of the National Security Council, GEN Andrew Goodpaster, deputy to GEN Creighton Abrams, commander of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, said the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN) had been steadily improving, and the point at which the war could be de-Americanized was close. Melvin Laird, the Secretary of Defense, agreed with the point, but not with the language: what we need is a term like Vietnamizing to put the emphasis on the right issues. Nixon immediately liked Lairds word. Vietnamization fit into the broader Nixon Administration detente policy, in which the United States no longer regarded its fundamental strategy as containment of Communism, but a cooperative world order in which Nixon and his chief adviser Henry Kissinger were basically realists in world affairs, interested in the broader constellation of forces, and the biggest powers. Nixon had ordered Kissinger to negotiate basic U. S. -Soviet policy between the heads of state via Kissinger and Dobrynin, with the agreements then transferred to diplomats for implementation. In like manner, Nixon opened high-level contact with China. U. S. relations with the Soviet Union and China were seen as far more important than the fate of South Vietnam, which certainly did not preclude South Vietnam maintaining its own independence. Nixon said Vietnamization had two components. The first was strengthening the armed force of the South Vietnamese in numbers, equipment, leadership and combat skills. The second component is the extension of the pacification program in South Vietnam. The first was achievable, but it would take time. For the U. S. , it was trivial to have a U. S. helicopter pilot fly in support, but helicopter operations were too much part of ground operations to involve U. S. personnel. As observed by LTG Dave Palmer, to qualify an ARVN candidate for U. S. elicopter school, he first needed months of English language training to be able to follow the months-long training, and then additional field time to become proficient. In other words, adding new capabilities to the ARVN would often take two or more years. Palmer did not disagree that the first component, given time and resources, was achievable. Pacification, the second component, presented the real challenge it was benevolent government action in areas where the government should always ha ve been benevolently active doing both was necessary if Vietnamization were to work.

Medical Ethics Arguments for Medical Dishonesty

Introduction American citizens demand ethical medical care besides the ordinary affordable medical care. Ethical principles are prerequisite to ensure patients’ protection, guarantee integrity, to sustain least standards of quality, and to curb extravagant and deceitful expenditure of medical care resources.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, without the protection of ethics, the medical care organization will be an analogy of a financial jungle, within which the fast and the superior will enjoy enormous financial gain over the sick and the susceptible. Obviously, such a setting would not appeal to the public when they are sick, vulnerable or weak (Miller, 1998). Americans are increasingly finding out that the managed care system mostly does not meet the expectations of the consumers. The managed care system focuses primarily on reducing cost to increase profits, while its consideration on the ethics and quality of care comes second. In spite of the widespread reports by the media and medical care practitioners on unethical managed care practices, the managed care sector is not responding positively to the allegations (Miller, 1998). Medical dishonesty The ethics literature dealing with deceit of patients dedicates a lot of its resources to uncover the definition of deceit. In this context I will explore beyond the direct passing on false information. This paper will also include the deliberate decision to hold back from the terminally ill patient information which, the physician contemplates to have a crucial impact on the patient. Based on this definition, deceiving a cancer patient who wishes to know his or her diagnosis, will entail falsehood surpassing the act of merely telling the patient that he is cancer free. It will as well encompass half-truths intended to deceive, for instan ce the respond that s/he has a metaplasia or elusion with an equal objective, such as uttering deceitfully that there is not yet sufficient information to discern. In day to day terms, distinction between deceit, half-truths and elusions, although such distinctions do not play a major part in ethical debate concerning these issues and they are generalized as deceit (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The ethical concern emerging from a physician’s prospect to deceive a patient have transformed within the past two centuries. This period has corresponded with enhanced knowledge of the concerns for the general medical ethics, which has been facilitated through an improved public training, an improved public appreciation of individual privileges, and the mushrooming of medical consumer associations and patient representative (Mitchell Terence, 1991).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prior to the referred period, it was basically thought that deceit of patients was reasonable in specific situations and, in fact it was commonly regarded as a Nobel ethical and medical practice (Lipkin, 1991 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The basis for such perspective was seldom defined, although it was normally based on primum non nocere [the doctor’s maxim]; implying that despite everything he or she must not harm the sick (Meyer, 1969 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Argument for medical dishonesty Traditional premises Various arguments have been raised to account for an act of dishonesty towards patients, including; (a) on certain situations when telling the truth may harm the patient, (b) physicians should not be the source of patient’s pain, and (c) in such situations the doctors are obliged to refrain from telling their patients the truth (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Basically the argument can be convincingly demonstrated using a clinical vignette. This scenario usually entails an elderly terminally cancer patient left with a short time left before s/he dies. It is supposed that telling such patient the truth about her fate and that such an act will only serve to exacerbate her condition. It is far much better to keep her in the dark, with a fabrication. The incidence of such principle was evident in different research studies in the 1950s and 1960s verifying that physicians tended to withhold information about diagnosis from their cancer patients (Oken, 1976 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Changes in traditional premises Presently, with regard of disclosure of truth to patients about their cancer diagnosis, seem to have taken a new direction (Novack, Plummer, Smith, 1979 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Despite the arguments for its past appeal, this position has few supporters in contemporary medical ethics literature. Two connected objections have been proposed against the traditional v iewpoint. The first re-checks the basis of the previous argument, whereas the second bring in the idea of autonomy. The first objection refutes both basis of the argument. The proceeding paragraphs will explore on the amendment of the two traditional premises for lying to patient. Premise 1 asserts that in certain circumstances disclosing the truth is associated with more harm compared to the harm caused when lying to the patient (Buchanan, 1978). To holdback from the terminally ill patient the gravity of her impeding end, translates to his deprivation of the opportunity to just say goodbye, to resolve past scores, or to put his or her affairs properly. Progressively, perhaps the patient may contemplate the gravity of the condition and embrace the ideology that she is approaching death (Kubler-Ross, 1969, cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995), such that there will be no gain and may cause the patient to lose faith with the family members and the physician.Advertising We will w rite a custom research paper sample on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, most patients manage well the awareness of there imminent demise and some are actually calmed by it (Kubler-ross, 1975, cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Clearly, the patient does not gain anything from the physician’s deceit (Bok, 1978 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Secondly, the same objection refutes the diction of premise 2. As a matter of fact, the physician’s roles extend far past the patient he or she is attending. He or she must take into consideration the wellbeing of the community as well as other patients. Taking into account the expanded responsibilities, the premise 2 changes as described in the following paragraph (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). The second premise asserts that doctors should not be responsible whatsoever in harming the patient. If the deceit of t erminally ill patients is publicized, it means that other patients are anxious of their imminent demise may lose faith in their physicians and probably imagine the worst. Clearly, this unprecedented practice has adverse implications on other patients (Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). With the implementation of theses novel premises, it is clear that this exposes the doctor to a dilemma. How will she be able to tell when a lie may cause more good than harm? She would not be able to tell due to the numerous factors to take into account and the best option is one that will cause minimal suffering, which is by consistently telling the truth (Buchanan, 1978). The second objection integrates the notion of autonomy; self-sufficiency. Usually, mature persons have the ability to make decision concerning their lives, so that they focus the path of their destiny. Such objection purports that individuals have the privilege to implement that ability whether or not it causes harm. A person cannot s uccessful practice own autonomy in case s/he does not have enough information to base her or his decisions. Thus, to holdback information from a patient translates to restraining his or her autonomy an act which the physician has no entitlement to (Robinson, 1973 cited in Ryan, Moore, Patfield, 1995). Physician must tell the truth all the time. A few researchers, nevertheless, still maintain that although a direct lie may be harmful, ‘benevolent deception’ is tolerable (Jackson, 1991). This concept is different from lying in the a daily sense and concerns distortions, elusions and attempt to white wash a patient that is sufficient to qualify as an outright lie.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This maneuver possesses a characteristic which relates to how well it suits the ethics of the ‘white lie’. In fact even the researchers who oppose it, have problem with evading its influence (Bakhurst, 1992). Futuristically, benevolent deception will not succeed in quelling the opposition to aforementioned deceit. Conclusion Health care service consumers who access information on the unethical health care practices have an upper hand in maneuvering through current managed health care processes. Furthermore, certain steps should be taken to curb the ethical decline in health care system. With the increasing knowledge on ethical issues in the health care delivery system, the consumers and professionals can collaborate to campaign against unethical practices such as this. Reference List Bakhurst, D. (1992). On lying and deceiving. Journal of medical ethics; 18: 63-66. Buchanan, A. (1978). Medical paternalism. Philosophy and public affairs; 7: 371-390. Jackson, J. (1991). T elling the truth. Journal of medical ethics; 17: 5-9. Miller, I. (1998). Eleven Unethical Managed Care Practices Every Patient Should Know About. Commack, New York: The National Coalition. Retrieved from www.terryzenner.com/Managed_Care/managed_care.htm Mitchell, K. R., Terence, J. L. (1991). Bioethics for medical and health professionals. Wentworthfalls, NSW: Social Science Press. Ryan, C. J., de Moore, G., Patfield, M. (1995). Becoming none but tradesmen: lies, deception and psychotic patients. Journal of medical ethics; 21: 72-76Â  doi: 10.1136/jme.21.2.72 This research paper on Medical Ethics: Arguments for Medical Dishonesty was written and submitted by user Kaeden Rhodes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hyper Inflation Essays - Inflation, Monetary Economics,

Hyper Inflation Introduction Hyper inflation has plagued most of the world's developing countries over the past decades. Countries in the industrialised world, too, have at times duelled with dangerously high inflation rates in the post WWII era. With varying degrees of success, all have employed great efforts to bring their inflation rates within acceptable limits. Generally, a moderate rate of inflation has been the ultimate goal. More recently, however, a few countries have pursued policies that strive to eradicate inflation altogether through complete price stability. This has proven to be a contentious enterprise, which clearly indicates that there is still no universally accepted solution to the inflation problem. Indeed, there is not even an agreed consensus regarding the source of inflation itself. The monetarist perception that the root of inflation is solely the excessive creation of money remains. So too does the belief that inflation originates in the labour market. And amongst a variety of others, the opinion that inflation ?serves the critical social purpose of resolving incompatible demands by different groups? is also strong. This last, and more widely accepted, case shows that the problem is hardly a technical one; but rather a political one. It highl Economics

break up of USSR essays

break up of USSR essays The Soviet totalitarian regime held the many nations of the USSR together for almost three quarters of a century; the disintegration of this political system brought with it economic and political instability as well as civil wars in the separated states. Why did the collapse of the communist regime in the Soviet Union have such a negative impact? The states struggled to coordinate market mechanisms and private ownerships into their economies. Rebellions and radical reform leaders emerged and years of ethnic tensions and feelings of frustrated nationalism erupted in this new, open society that Gorbachev created. The anti-Soviet revolution in 1991 shattered the authoritarian grasp of the Soviet Union ¡s communist party. As the Russian, Ukrainian and Belorussian leaders declared on Dec. 8th 1991  ¡The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics  ¡K is ceasing its existence ¡ (Mandelbaum 355). Mikhail Gorbachev ascended to power in 1985, bringing with him new ideas for radical changes in a struggling nation. Gorbachev demanded reforms however he did not anticipate the consequences. Society ¡s dissatisfaction, dissolutionment and despair with the way communism operated resulted in change (Resnick 7). Gorbachev ¡s reforms included glasnost (openness), democratization, and perestroika (economic restructuring). Glasnost ended information restrictions and permitted public discussion about the past and present. Citizens who had been too terrified to speak broke their silence. This  ¡openness ¡ had a revolutionary impact on the Soviet Union for its citizens had lived  ¡under a regime that felt no hesitation in executing innocent  ¡K that best hope of surviving lay in  ¡K abandoning any thought of independent public activity  ¡K and withdrawing into one ¡s private world ¡ (Mandelbaum 6). Gorbachev recommended introducing a market economy that included privatization and democratic freedom. His economic perestroika restru...

Maternal & paediatric care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maternal & paediatric care - Essay Example Rheumatic fever is an infection that can be compared to an inflammatory disease. It is said to develop two or three weeks after a group A Streptococcal infection. This type of infection is referred to through a scarlet fever or a strep throat.The basis of this kind of infection is found in cross reactivity that is created through a conflict between antibodies. Such an infection can affect various parts of the body. This includes the heart, joints, skin and brain (Robbins Basic Pathology). An acute version of rheumatic fever is said to appear in children who fall between the ages of five and fifteen. Adults are inflicted at a lesser degree with this fever. 20% of adults are thought to be affected by a first time attack of this disease. The results of this disease are said to leave a life long mark on the patient (American Heart Association). There are not many differences between a rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. While rheumatic fever can be caused by an inflammation, the heart disease caused by this kind of fever is known as rheumatic heart disease. The damage done by this infection to the heart is a direct result of the fever itself. Any patient who has suffered from this kind of fever is more susceptible to suffering from the heart damage which follows. This is the reason why patients who have undergone this kind of fever are given a monthly dose of antibiotics for the rest of their life. Any problems caused to the heart by the fever can lead to an increased risk to the heart and further complications such as infective endocarditic. Rheumatic heart disease leads to a clogging of the heart valves. Thus, rheumatic heart disease is a direct cause of the fever in itself and has the same symptoms and cure. There are many symptoms to a rheumatic fever. They are usually preceded by a strep throat that is responsible for causing the inflammation as mentioned previously which can later develop into a fever, chest pain and skin rashes. There are several ways to cure this type of a fever. It can be done with by reducing the inflammation in itself. This can be done using several ways. Anti inflammatory medicine likes aspirin or corticosteroids to help reduce the infection. If this medicine is not taken then the patient can suffer from acute rheumatic fever. Antibiotics can also be taken to cure the strep throat. Later in life, a recurring fever can be prevented by eradicating the infection with the use of antibiotics. Dehydration Dehydration is not a disease or illness. It is caused by an excessive loss of water in the body (MedicineNet). Another term for it is hypohydration where water is removed from an object. Because the water in the human body is responsible for possessing so many solutes a loss can lead to severe deficiencies. Thus, while the body losses its water it is coupled with the loss of important solutes needed by the body as well. Dehydration can be caused by a variety of reasons. These states or diseases can lead to the body's inability to impair water. The first of this can be blamed on external causes. Physical activity which can lead to sweating without the consumption of adequate water can cause this problem. Another is the exposure to humid weather which can lead an individual to lose water in an atmosphere of dry air. Along with this the individual's health can also affect their levels of hydration. These include vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia, any of which can cause a severe loss of water in the body. Infectious diseases can also be held responsible for dehydration: such as cholera, gastroenteritis or yellow fever. Another reason for dehydration is malnutrition which can lead to an individual receiving a reduced amount of water required for the body. The symptoms of dehydration can be easily discovered depending on the degree it has reached in the body. A mild dehydration can lead to